Synthesis and characterization of chemically fueled supramolecular materials driven by carbodiimide-based fuels
Fabian Schnitter, Alexander M. Bergmann, Benjamin Winkeljann, Jennifer Rodon Fores, Oliver Lieleg, Job Boekhoven
supramolecular materials
carbodiimide fuels
nonequilibrium assembly
kinetic analysis
dynamic properties





































Extended
Extended Data Fig. 1 Cryo-TEM microscope micrograph.
The control micrograph of a 10 mM precursor 2 stock solution excludes preassembly of the inactivated precursor in the absence of EDC fuel.
Extended Data Fig. 2 EDC hydrolysis and Fmoc deprotection kinetics.
a , b , The addition of the quenching solution freezes the reaction cycle of Fmoc-E-OH ( 1 ) ( a ) and Fmoc-AAD-OH ( 2 ) ( b ). In the timescale of the HPLC analysis, the degradation of EDC and Fmoc deprotection does not falsify the concentration determination.
Extended Data Fig. 3 The absorbance of light as a measure for turbidity.
a , Usage of different sample containers affects the measurement quality as sedimentation in a 96-well plate wrongly extends the system’s lifetime. b , Regarding colloids formed by 1 , a cuvette is a better choice as sample container.
Supplementary information
Reporting Summary
Supplementary Video 1
Macroscopic property of reaction cycle shown by evolution of turbidity
Supplementary Video 2
Macroscopic property of reaction cycle shown by evolution of a hydrogel