Molecular-electromechanical system for unamplified detection of trace analytes in biofluids

Xuejun Wang, Changhao Dai, Yungeng Wu, Yunqi Liu, Dacheng Wei

Published: 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00830-x

Molecular-electromechanical system

Extended

Extended Data Fig. 1 Fluorescence intensity as a function of V g in 1× TM buffer.

The relative fluorescence intensity gradually increases when V g changes from ‒1.1 to 0.9 V. Error bars show the standard deviation of three measurements. Figure reproduced with permission from ref. 45 , Springer Nature Ltd.

Extended Data Fig. 2 Surface morphology of MolEMS-modified graphene and bare graphene after serum incubation.

a and b , AFM images of MolEMS-modified graphene ( a ) and bare graphene ( b ) after serum incubation. The surface topology of MolEMS g-FET is maintained as individual tetrahedrons after serum incubation, indicating resistance to non-specific adsorption. Scale bars, 400 nm ( a ) and 200 nm ( b ). Figure reproduced with permission from ref. 45 , Springer Nature Ltd.

Extended Data Fig. 3 Specificity of analyte detection by the MolEMS.

a – c , Real-time Δ I ds response upon addition of target and control analytes for thrombin ( a ), ATP ( b ) and Hg 2+ ( c ) detection. No appreciable response to the control analytes is observed, demonstrating the specificity of target detection. ODN, oligodeoxyribonucleotide. Figure reproduced with permission from ref. 45 , Springer Nature Ltd.

Extended Data Fig. 4 SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing by the MolEMS.

a and b , Δ I ds / I ds,0 versus time curve upon addition of SARS-CoV-2 cDNA ( a ) and SARS-CoV-2 IVT RNA ( b ). Figure reproduced with permission from ref. 45 , Springer Nature Ltd.

Extended Data Fig. 5 Real-time Δ I ds / I ds,0 response upon addition of serially diluted clinical samples.

The MolEMS g-FET is sequentially exposed to serially diluted SARS-CoV-2 RNA solutions, with concentrations from 0.01 to 1 copy µl −1 , followed by undiluted SARS-CoV-2 RNA solution (100%). The MolEMS g-FET shows appreciable response upon addition of diluted SARS-CoV-2 RNA at 0.01 copy µl −1 . Figure adapted with permission from ref. 45 , Springer Nature Ltd.; the experiment reported therein was approved by the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Ethics Committee.

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Biological research and diagnostic applications normally require analysis of trace analytes in biofluids. Although considerable advancements have been made in developing precise molecular assays, the trade-off between sensitivity and ability to resist non
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Molecular-electromechanical system for unamplified detection of trace analytes in biofluids

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